The earliest philosophical forms of psychology date back much further than many modern sciences. But psychology has often been considered a “soft” science, not bearing the legitimacy of “hard” sciences like physics or chemistry, which use the scientific method of inquiry to establish empirical and quantitative truths. Yet many sub-disciplines of psychological science now use the scientific method and experimental research to develop evidence-based psychological theories and strategies for practical application in the field.
This development has established psychology as a true science in the minds of many. But conducting experimental research in the psychological context is a complicated endeavor and only one aspect of the field. Psychological science integrates experimental research methods, scientific and quantitative inquiry, psychological theory and history, and practical application in the professional context. This multifaceted approach is the basis of modern degree programs like the online Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Psychology program from Northern Kentucky University (NKU), offering students a comprehensive education in the complex and fascinating field.
What Is the Modern Definition of Psychology?
To understand psychological science and how, if at all, it differs from psychology, one should understand the meaning of the word “psychology” itself. The definition used by the American Psychological Association (APA) is among the most common: “Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior.”
But as psychology develops into a more complex science or set of sciences consisting of numerous sub-disciplines, the word’s definitions also become more varied and complex. The old definition can be controversial for some, concerning whether psychology focuses on the mind or behavior, whether the science concerns animal behavior or just people, and whether psychology is a science or a profession. To resolve these areas of contention, thinkers in the field like Gregg Henriques elaborate on APA’s definition, positing that psychology is the study of mental behavior and the human mind, as well as the application of these studies to psychological professions and practice.
How Does this Definition Apply to Psychological Science?
According to this broader definition of psychology, psychology is both a science and the application of knowledge derived from that science. These two aspects of psychology are reflected in literature from two major psychological associations, the psychology-focused APA and the more scientific psychology-focused Association for Psychological Science (APS).
From the APA: “The science of psychology benefits society and enhances our lives. Psychologists examine the relationships between brain function and behavior and the environment and behavior, applying what they learn to illuminate our understanding and improve the world around us.”
From the guiding principles of APS: “Psychological science has the ability to transform society for the better and must play a central role in advancing human welfare and the public interest.”
Psychological science uses experimental research based on the scientific method to further the understanding of psychology and apply findings from research to evidence-based strategy, theory and practice for professional psychological applications. Whether the terms used are “psychological science,” “scientific psychology” or “the science of psychology,” this field focuses on using science to better the impact psychology can have on humanity. From this, the words used seem less important than the substance of the science and its application.
Is There Any Difference Between Psychological Science and Psychology?
Psychological science strives to represent psychology as a science rather than strictly a healing profession or philosophical study. Psychological science is a scientific approach to psychology, consisting of research and development as well as practice. It is part of the greater study of psychology, integral to most (though not all) of the field’s sub-disciplines whether based on “science” or “profession.”
Psychological science has transformed the field of psychology as a whole. The complex interplay between scientific research, theory and practice allows for collaboration and learning across many psychological disciplines. In this way, psychological science promises to play an important role in further improving people’s mental, emotional, behavioral and societal health worldwide.
Learn more about NKU’s online B.A. in Psychology program.
